Economic analyses in Spring 2022 Külgazdaság has been publishing the analyses and the forecasts of Hungarian economic research institutions since 2001 and this tradition is continued in this issue as well. According to the Spring World Economic Outlook of the…

Which are the weakest links? Katalin Antalóczy, István Benczes, Péter Ákos Bod, László Csaba, György Csáki, István Csillag, Dóra Győrffy, Péter Halmai, Diána Horváth, Gábor Karsai, Péter Mihályi, Dániel Molnár, L ászló Muraközy, Katalin Nagy, Éva Palócz, Mária Zita Petschnig,…

The relationship between digital development and export activity of Hungarian SMEs ZSOLT ROLAND SZABÓ – BORBÁLA SZEDMÁK – ANNA TAJTI Digital transformation has resulted in significant changes in the economy and society as well as in the life of companies.…

The effects of inward foreign direct investments on Hungarian economic growth – heterogeneity by country of origin LÁSZLÓ TŐKÉS After the regime change in 1989, Hungary has been involved in globalization whose one of the most important component are international…

Components of nominal convergence: real economic and price level convergence in the European Union between 1995 and 2019 GÁBOR OBLATH Significant cross-country differences in real income levels are accompanied by sizable differences in price levels, and, in the longer run,…

The export-enhancing effect of a stronger relative protection of intellectual property rights BENEDEK NAGY – GÁBOR BODNÁR The objective of this paper is to introduce the notion of relative intellectual property rights protection strength and to analyze its effect on…

Economic analyses in Spring 2021 Külgazdaság has been publishing the analyses and the forecasts of the economic research institutions since 2001 and we follow the tradition in this issue. As to the Spring World Economic Outlook of the International Monetary…

Digital transformation and new actors in manufacturing value chains ANDREA SZALAVETZ The point of departure of this paper is the old new phenomenon of industry convergence, being intensified by digital transformation. Zooming in on manufacturing value chains it highlights that…

EMU 2.0 – Responsibility versus solidarity? PÉTER HALMAI Deepening of the Economic Monetary Union is the key issue for the European integration. During the debates on EMU 2.0, two approaches have emerged. These take different positions in terms of the…

Innovative companies – innovative investors Western experiences of equity market for startups JUDIT KARSAI In addition to traditional venture capital funds, business angels, business accelerators and incubators, as well as crowdfunding platforms play an important role in financing startup companies.…